Sikhism Essays (1499 words) - Punjab, Sikhism, Panentheism

Sikhism Sikhism is a Religion of uniqueness. It has beliefs from two other religions; Hinduism and Islam (Borak 53). This religion is very scarce in the United States. The main area for Sikhs is in the Northwest India (Borak 53). I had never heard of this religion before, so that is the main reason why I chose to study this religion. I have found it very interesting and different. The Sikhs have many unique qualities. Sikhism dates back to a long time ago. Making it more modern, it was introduced near the closing of the 15th Century (Borak 53). Guru Nanak Dev originated it, now making it a minority group. The Sikhs are found generally around northwest India, or Punjab, but can also be found anywhere in the world (Borak 53). Sikhism has a very rare formation. This religion is a mixture of two other religions, known as Hinduism and Islam. This joining together is known as syncretism (Hopfe 188). The Hindus and Islams began to mix and some thought of joining the two together. Not everyone agreed so they decided to make a new religion with practices from both religions while still keeping Hinduism and Islam separate religions (Borak 54). From the Hindus, the reincarnation of Jesus was put into practice for this newly accepted religion and also they kept "The True Name" sacred because He can do anything. One true God is used also as a practice, coming from the Islam beliefs (Hopfe 188). Its originality helps make this religion special in its own unique way. The Sikhs have many of their own beliefs but also the ones coming from Hinduism and Islam. The opening lines in their Holy Book, or Guru Granith Sahib, state "There is one supreme eternal reality; the truth; immanent in all things; creator of all things; immanent in creation. With out fear and without hatred; not subject to time; beyond birth and death; self revealing"(Philosophy). This statement summarizes their basic teachings, also adding equality to their beliefs (Hopfe 198). They believe every human is of the same sex even though chastity is not allowed. Women are equal to all men. Sikhs do not believe in burning women, women wearing veils, or marriages to widows. There is no separation by creed, color, race, or sex (Philosophy). All people are equal. Sikhs believe to worship in temples known as Gurdwaras, also meaning Gateway to the Guru. Daily attachment to God helps you become closer to Him, believes Narm Marg (Philosophy). Also, faith grows within the community while worshipping at the Gurdwaras.(Richards, 198) Serving others is their center of worship (Richards 198). Among the Sikhs are three other religions, The Udasis, Sahajdharis, and the Singhs. The Udasis is an order of Holy Men who follow the same practices as Buddhist, Hindus, and Jainism. They are celibate and wear a yellow coarse garment like Buddhist monks or go naked like Jain monks. They have one possession, a begging bowl and they are also poorly shaven (Hopfe 180). On the other hand, Sahajdaris are very reasonable and very clean- people. They reject the militancy of the Sikhs (Hopfe 192). The Singhs are just a break off of the Sikhs. Sikhs believe in God but they worship by Gurus (Richards 198). Guru means leader (Hopfe 189). They also believe in Guru Granith Sahib and other writing by the ten Gurus. They do not believe in any other religion, though (Richards 198). God is the creator, maintainer, and distructer who can not take human form (Philosophy). He appears only in spirit by believing and can not appear in human (Richards 198). Their five cardinal vices are Kam, or lust, Krodah, or anger, Lobh, or greed, Moh, or wordly attachment, and Ahankar, or pride (Philosophy). Some of their beliefs and vices are the same as Catholics. Sikhism doesn't really have any hierarchy that I could find but they do have certain positions. There are ten Gurus who would serve as our priest do, but now they worship what the Gurus taught and by the Scripture (Hopfe 189). Gurus were the leaders. (See pages seven for a listing of the ten Gurus.) Their first Guru who was chosen April 5, 1469, the day Sikhism formed was Guru Nanak, and the last Guru was Gobind Singh Dev from 1666 to 1708 when he died(Guru Nanak Dev). I did not find out why there are not any more Gurus. Gurus are the down face of the heavenly who provide leadership for humans (Philosophy). They still do have anniversaries for the Gurus which

Deductive Essay on Tobacco essays

Deductive Essay on Tobacco essays Tobacco products kill more than 400,000 people in the United States a year. That is more than the number deaths from homicides, fires, AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, suicides, and illegal drugs put together. It is by far the number one cause of preventable death in the United States. Action should be taken to stop the use of this legal killer. Death is not the immediate consequence of choosing to use a tobacco product though; first you must go through the minor, disgusting, sometimes uncomfortable results that progress over years of smoking. Premature wrinkling of the skin, bad breath, clothing and hair stench, and yellowing of the nails and teeth are some of the common side effects that are not life threatening. Smokers not only put themselves at risk for disease and death, they also put at risk their family and others close to them. Infants and children are the most susceptible to disease from second hand smoke. Children are most vulnerable to disease if their mother had smoked during pregnancy or immediately after. When people smoke, it is very likely that they dont know exactly what they are inhaling. The active ingredient in tobacco is nicotine. When smoke is inhaled, nicotine is carried deep into the lungs where it is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream and carried to the heart, brain, liver, and spleen. It is a fast acting drug that affects the central nervous system, containing both stimulant and depressant characteristics. Nicotine produces elevated blood pressure by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels. It also acts as an antidiuretic, the effect being fluid retention. Nicotine is as addictive as heroine or cocaine. The body becomes physically and psychologically dependent on it. Smokers may not know that when they indulge their habit, they are taking in, not only nicotine, but also tar and 4,000 other harmful chemicals. Any one of these elements alone is deadly. Among the chemi...

The Impact of Employee Involvement in Hiring and Promotions Process of Assignment

The Impact of Employee Involvement in Hiring and Promotions Process of Public Administration Agencies - Assignment Example The dissertation looks at the goal of how beneficial employee involvement could be among public administration agencies if it is practiced during hiring and promotions processes. To this end, the topic of the dissertations is stated as: â€Å"the impact of employee involvement in hiring and promotions process of public administration agencies.† Considering the nature of the topic, which touches directly on an identified institution, it would be true to say that there will be a lot of institutional reviews needed for the research. Institutional review of the research would come in two major forms and formats. In the first place, there ought to be an institutional review that looks at the ethics and rules of engagement in the identified institution in the conduct of research of this nature. Even though this may generally be an academic exercise, it is important that some basic rules of research including the need for ensuring confidentiality and anonymity of data are reserved. As much as these standards are adhered to, the institutional reviews needed on the part of the awarding institution, which is the university will also be catered for to a very large extent (Schein, 2004). For a higher academic level dissertation preparation of this nature, it is always important for the researcher to appreciate the fact that all knowledge cannot rest with him alone (Schein, 2004). What this means is that the researcher would always, and at one point in time or the other need the inputs of other people in making highly informed choices on the dissertation. Considering the fact that the dissertation preparation goes through many different stages, it would be more than true to say that at every point or stage in the preparation of the dissertation, the input of some people will be needed.  

Favorite ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Favorite ad - Essay Example Not even a piece of paper brought by the wind across the barrier from one side (nation) is admissible in the other side (nation) and is quickly thrown back to its original side. However, there is a marked difference in the response of the other soldier when one soldier goes to his shelter and takes a cold coke to quench his thirst. Equally thirsty, the second soldier longs for a drink and the first one offers one. The problem that, however, exists is that the boundaries are so strictly manned that not even a hand can stretch beyond one’s territory and across the borderline. The first soldier places one bottle of coke on the ground at the borderline. Because of the Coke, the soldier with the offer draws his sword making the other think that he is instigating a tussle. However, the first soldier’s intention is to redraw the borderline to allow the other soldier pick the coke. The second soldier accepts the coke and the two happily enjoy a drink for a brief moment forgetting that they are on strict duty to man the border point. The advert features a harsh environment with the setting being that of a desert. Given such a setting and the hostile relationship that initially exists between the two soldiers, the theme of the ad matches the environment as the Coke shared creates happiness in an evidently harsh environment. The ad originally features an adversarial environment with two stern looking soldiers. When the product being advertised comes into the scene, there is a marked change in how the two interact; boundaries are redrawn and happiness takes center stage. In this sense, there is a match between the ad personality and the product. While the advert is captivating right from the start, the most interesting part of it is where the real adversaries, highly suspicious of each other get to bend the rules and redraw boundaries to enjoy the coke together forgetting

Running head for publication goes here Essay Example for Free

Running head for publication goes here Essay 1. Introduction 3 1. 1. Purpose of Report 3 1. 2. Current Situation 3 1. 3. Identified Problems 4 2. Data and Knowledge 5 2. 1. What makes data good? 5 2. 2. How is information created? 5 2. 3. How is information used? 6 2. 4. How Dell utilized information 6 2. 5. How KAR Vehicles Ltd can benefit 8 3. Using Systems to Convert Data into Information 8 3. 1. Transaction Processing Systems 8 3. 2. Management information systems 9 3. 3. Decision Support Systems 9 3. 4. Expert systems 10 4. Conclusion 11 References 12 INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1. Introduction 1. 1. Purpose of Report This paper is to discuss and analyze the role of information systems in processing raw data such as statistics, sales figure and demographic data, into useful and valuable knowledge which can be used to support decision-making within an organization. Focus will be placed on a case study of Kar Vehicle Hire Limited, from which valuable real life experience and lessons can be drawn from. 1. 2. Current Situation. KAR Vehicle Hire Ltd has recently implemented a transaction processing system called K-VIS which utilizes a database containing details of vehicles, clients, hire bookings, vehicle collections and returns, vehicle maintenance schedules, etc, as well as other relevant information. Bookings are done through K-VIS and the appropriate information such as booking details, driver details and payment details are entered into and stored in the database. This data entry and updating is done manually by the office administrator. Other transactions and procedures such as the collection of vehicle is also carried out in a similar fashion. With the growing amount of information and data available in the new database, the potential for the use of this information to aid managerial decision-making by uncovering patterns or trends, or in other methods, has been discussed. Knowledge creation to support effective key management decision-making is then the primary concern of Kar Vehicle Ltd currently. 1. 3. Identified Problems The main problem here that KAR Vehicle Ltd faces is that of managing data and knowledge creation. Firstly, managing data is a challenging process, because the amount of data expands exponentially over time; is collected from many sources, both external and internal; and is scattered throughout the organization different branches. The introduction of K-VIS has helped to centralize the collection and storage of data in a standardized format and procedure; however, KAR Vehicle Ltd has limited experience in transforming data to information, and information to knowledge via a knowledge creation process. This requires data that can be understood by the managers and analysts of KAR Vehicle Ltd easily, be accessible conveniently, and hence be able to analyzed using a variety of tools according to their needs to produce information. This information can then be used in conjunction with the experience and personal knowledge of the managers and analysts to create knowledge, which should then be stored in a format that all organizational employees can access and apply, creating a flexible and powerful â€Å"learning organization†. (Rainer, Turban and Potter, pg 96-100, 2006) 2. Data and Knowledge 2. 1. What makes data good? Data is simply a collection of raw facts, figures and statistics collected by people and systems, and then stored in various format. By itself, raw data has no real significance and use, but like all raw materials, it has to go through a process to convert it to information about the world, situations and people, which becomes factual statements about the world, which has meaning and can be useful in certain ways. (O’Brien, 1994, pg. 19) But before raw data can be converted to useful information, it has to be good and â€Å"clean†; that is, data without errors (Rainer, pg 101, 2006). What makes data clean? â€Å"Clean† data which is error free should be accurate, complete, timely, consistent, accessible, relevant and concise. â€Å"Clean† data is of high quality and can be used to generate useful information about linkages and facts about the world. 2. 2. How is information created? Information is data that has been converted into a meaningful and useful context that links various facts together in a relationship which can be used to form factual statements about the world. It is the result of data that has gone through a value added process where it is aggregated, manipulated and organized; analyzed and evaluated; and finally placed in a proper context which is suitable for its purpose or designed end user. This value added process, or what we will call â€Å"data processing†, usually occurs in information systems. For example, raw data is entered by the office administrator and front line stuff into K-VIS, which organizes and process the data to form meaningful relationships, such as a customer demographic data, his sales and records history, a vehicular history and transactions history. 2. 3. How is information used? Information that has real value and is accurate and meaningful is very important to any business organization. Without timely and accurate information which is relevant, businesses would not be able to make informed decisions and carry out activities such as risk analysis, cost benefit analysis, demand forecasting and supply chain co-ordination, among other things. For example, Dell business model is entirely based on timely and accurate information about orders, demands, suppliers and inventory. Making use of accurate and timely information flows, Dell is able to exploit a fundamental competitive factor in its industry to its fullest – the value of time. 2. 4. How Dell utilized information Dell use of information technology to gather, process and disseminate information is vital to the success of it’s business model – namely direct sales and build-to-order – enabling it to make highly accurate and timely decisions about market forecasting to drive production and inventories. It kept track directly of customers’ PC inventory, allowing individual business users to order PCs directly rather than going through a middleman, allowing Dell to build a relationship with customers and making the collection of useful data automated and painless. This data, which was processed into meaningful information, helped Dell to segment its customers into different primary categories. This categorization helps Dell to respond to changes in different customer segments, and make decisions on which customer segment is the most profitable to develop and grow, and hence the segment in which to concentrate its resources on, offering highly customized services to gain and keep their business. In short, meaningful information helped tell to make decisions regarding its most profitable customers, and where its resources would be most efficiently expended on. Dell is also able to minimize part inventories by requiring suppliers to restock parts only as they are needed, and to have available specific components as they are needed to fill an incoming order. This is made possible through very close coordination between Dell’s sales and manufacturing arm, and between Dell and its suppliers. This is achieved by refining its business processes, developing close relationships with a limited number of key suppliers, all the while making heavy and extensive use of information technology systems to facilitate communication within and outside the company, making this close coordination possible and successful. (Kraemer, Dedrick and Yamashiro, 2000) 2. 5. How KAR Vehicles Ltd can benefit KAR Vehicles Ltd can benefit from the information stored in K-VIS as well in many ways. For example, customer demographic information could be used to foster closer customer relationships and to keep and retain profitable and valuable customers. In turn, profitable and valuable customers can be identified from their sales records, which can be analyzed to pick put high value and high volume customers. This information can also be used to create customers segments like Dell did, in order to make decisions as to how KAR Vehicles Ltd can distribute their resources most efficiently. Furthermore, KAR Vehicles Ltd can also make use of the information gathered in K-VIS to minimize inventory turn over rates, and to maximize resource usage. For example, KAR Vehicle managers could analyze sales history and periods, and then determine where and when car inventories should be kept and retained in order to meet demand. This can help KAR Vehicles to reduce its inventory stock, by making each car in its inventory more utilized. 3. Using Systems to Convert Data into Information 3. 1. Transaction Processing Systems. This is what the K-VIS basically is, a system that supports the monitoring, collection, storage and processing of data from the organization business transactions, each of which generates data. The TPS collects data continuously in real time, and are considered critical to the success of any enterprise because they support core operations. It is hence obvious that K-VIS is essential to the continued and efficient operations of KAR Vehicles business operations. 3. 2. Management information systems Management information systems summarize data and prepare reports. These reports are mostly for middle and low level managers, and concern a specific functional area. K-VIS is also a management information system, as we can see that K-VIS is used by the office administrator to print out multipart forms or VIF. 5 forms for all collections due for a particular day. These forms are then used for business transactions as appropriate, and also used to update K-VIS with any new information or details. 3. 3. Decision Support Systems Decision support systems provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine decisions, for both managers and knowledge workers. There are typically two categories of Decision Support Systems – Business Intelligence Systems and Data Mining Systems. These are usually used in conjunction with a data warehouse and allow users to perform their own data analysis. For example, K-VIS enabled with a decision support system module, could be used to conduct what-of analysis to test the impact of bringing in new inventories of cars, relocation of branch offices, or expanding their varieties of cars offered. 3. 4. Expert systems Simply put, expert systems can be thought of as a collection of rules as defined by an expert. These rules can then be used as â€Å"†¦information processors whose applications address highly specialized and restricted areas of expert human knowledge†, as stated by Murray and Murray (1988, pp. 3). The potential benefits of expert systems are enormous, and their applications highly flexible. Watkins and Eliot (1993) identify some of the benefits of integration between expert systems and computer-based information systems (CBIS) as: o Improving the operations and maintenance of the database o Improving sensitive analysis o Acting as a tutor o Making applications more useful and â€Å"intelligent† o Reducing maintenance costs. o Refining the query system This is the area in which KAR Vehicles Ltd should focus on, as it automates decision making support for managers, and can help KAR Vehicles Ltd to identify and exploit any strategic or competitive advantage available in their industry. 4. Conclusion In today highly competitive and complex business environment, the capability to collect data, process it into useful and meaningful information, and then utilize this information in efficient ways to create knowledge or a competitive advantage, is essential towards prosperity and even survival in the business climate. Information systems are indispensable when it comes to this tasks, and there are a wide range and variety of information systems, all of which can be integrated, to collect data, process data into meaningful information, and then make use of this information to support the decision making process used by the managers of KAR Vehicles Ltd. In doing so, competitive and strategic advantage can be potentially identified and achieved, and greater operational efficiency will result as well. References Kraemer, Kenneth L. , Dedrick, Jason. , and Yamashiro, Sandra., 2000, â€Å"Refining and Extending the Business Model With Information Technology:Dell Computer Corporation†, The Information Society, 2000 Murray, Jerome T. , and Murray, Marilyn J. , 1988, Expert Systems in Data Processing, A Professional’s Guide, McGraw-Hill O’Brien, James A. , 1994, Introduction to Information Systems, Richard D. Irwin, Inc Rainer, Kelly. , Turban, Efraim. , and Potter, Richard. 2006, Introduction to Information Systems, John Wiley and Sons Watkins, Paul R. and Eliot, Lance B. , 1993, Expert Systems in Business and Finance, John Wiley and Sons.

The Diet Dr Pepper Campaign Paper Marketing Essay

The Diet Dr Pepper Campaign Paper Marketing Essay The taste of Dr Pepper is the well-known to be oldest soft drink over the world. The taste is unmatched and it is 23 delicious flavours have withstood the test of time. The competition in trying to take a firm hold a firm hold of potential customers is a never-ending, ascending battle in any industry. This is a fight that takes place in the product market. In the U.S. soft drink market is a highly competitive. In order to command market share a brand should be able to differentiate itself from its rivals. In this point, Dr Pepper has always been finding position itself in the world unique soft drink market since it is comprised of 23 flavours. The current slogan is One Taste and You Get It (Dr Pepper Snapple Group, 2008). Currently Dr Pepper holds the third place in market share for the U.S. They fall behind major players Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola which account for 74 % of the market. With consumers embracing the current health trends, diet Dr. Pepper was named one of the top 10 soft drink in 2002 due to health conscious attitudes. This market is predicted to continue its growth worldwide. Diet Dr. Pepper is a yummy drink, and indeed it does, as its ads assure us, taste more like regular Dr. Pepper [assuming we understand: than Diet Coke tastes like Coke or Diet Pepsi like Pepsi, though 7-UP and Sprite might give it a run for its money on that account. Not to mention that the slogan as it stands is nonsensical. Tastes more like regular Dr. Pepper. Of course it does! It is Diet Dr. Pepper, and thus is bound to taste more like regular Dr. Pepper than, say, Pepsi, coffee or mustard! ike a vegetarian who still wants a burger and so eats BOCA, the diet soda drinker longs for the days when 140 calories meant nothing and so diet drinks function as a kind of bubbly nostalgia for youth, even when the consumer has long since convinced him- or herself that he or she prefers diet sodas According to marketline research, the global diet food and drink market is forecasted to reach $113 billion by 2010. As well as Diet Dr. Peppers growth among users, Dr Pepper is one of the few non-diet soda brand to gain market share Diet Dr Pepper Diet Dr. Pepper is liked for its unique, non- cola taste, its ability to maintain its carbonation, and its zero calorie content. More than anything, Diet Dr. Pepper is the absence of cola flavour that seems to turn reviewers on, since there are already so many diet colas on the market. Diet Dr. Pepper is sometimes the only diet soft drink some can tolerate, like Finally Found a Diet Soda That Tastes Good and anther reviewer who also likes the unique qualities and uses for Diet Dr. Pepper and says When Im Feeling Under the Weather, I Reach for a Dr. Pepper. (www.viewpoints.com) Campaign Objectives and Marketing Situation When considering a marketing objective it begins with the companys financial objectives. Profitability, return on investment, and cash flow are the most common elements. The financial objectives are converted into marketing objectives. After marketing objectives are determined, then the company creates new marketing strategies, strategic marketing plan. Marketing strategy is the process of evaluating the options for achieving the marketing goals. Consumer in a market are seldom uniform and often have different needs and wants (Rodengen, 1995). Diet Dr. Peppers advertising campaign is based on an assumed nostalgia for days when drinking regular soft drinks did not reflect some form of moral failure to avoid excess calorie intake. Not only that. The form of this nostalgia is telling: a sleazy lawyer-type makes faulty arguments based on the assumption that Diet Dr. Pepper tastes so much like regular Dr. Pepper that any legal claim brought to bear with regard to Diet Dr. Pepper must be w rong because it has mistaken it for a diet beverage when it clearly tastes like a non-diet beverage. Therefore consumers need to be segmented. That called market segmentation strategy. From this segments marketer identifies, evaluates and select target market based on similarities of needs. Diet Dr Pepper competes in a dynamic and constantly changing category that makes it difficult to increase market share and sustain long-term brand growth. Main factors that challenge the brands growth include the following: Sluggish category growth. The diet, carbonated-soft drink category was growing at an average annual rate of only 1.4 percent. Growth of new-age beverages. The new-age segment-consisting of sparkling juices, natural sodas, flavoured sodas, and other items-was growing at a rapid rate (10 percent annual growth), posing a strong challenge to diet Dr Pepper and other diet soft drinks. Price sensitivity of soft-drink category. Price is a main brand-choice determinant in this category, but Diet Dr Pepper is at a competitive disadvantage inasmuch as it is priced higher on a cents-per-ounce basis than Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola brands. Lack of bottler attention and focus. Approximately three-fourth of Diet Dr Peppers volume is distributed via the Coke and Pepsi bottler distribution network, which in many instances causes Diet Dr Pepper to be a low-priority item with insufficient retailer support. Inadequate distribution. Relative to its larger competitors, Diet Dr Peppers distribution is insufficient in trial-inducing outlets such as food service/fountain and vending machines. Greater spending by main competitors. Diet Dr Peppers share of voice at the onset of the advertising campaign was only 4.8 percent in this highly competitive and advertising sensitive category. Campaign Target and Objectives The target audience for Diet Dr Pepper consists primarily of adults aged 18-49 who are present or prospective diet soft-drink consumers. In view of the above marketing challenges, the objectives for the Diet Dr Pepper advertising campaign (titled The Taste Youve Been Looking For) are as follows: To increase Diet Dr Pepper sales by 4 percent and improve its growth rate to at least 1.5 times that of the diet-soft drink category. To heighten consumers evaluations of the key product benefits and image factors that influence brand choice in this category: it is refreshing, tastes as good as regular Dr Pepper, is a good product to drink at any time, and is a fun brand to drink. To enhance those key brand-personality dimensions that differentiate Diet Dr Pepper from other diet drinks-particularly that Diet Dr Pepper is a unique, fun, entertaining, clever, and interesting brand to drink. The Proposition The proposition strategy for Diet Dr Pepper is The Taste Youve Been Looking For. The Competition The success of Dr Pepper in the soft drink industry illustrates the coupling of realistic knowledge of corporate strengths with sound industry analysis to yield a superior bussiens strategy.The major competitors of Diet Dr Pepper are; Coca-Cola products (Diet Coke), Pepsi-Cola Products (Diet Pepsi) dominates Dr Peppers industry. According to Porter (1998), Dr Pepper choose a strategy of avoiding the largest-selling drink segment, maintaining a narrow flavour line, forgoing development of a captive bottler network, and marketing heavily. The company positioned itself so as to be least vulnerable to its competitive forces while it exploited its small size. The U.S. beverage market is a highly competitive and crowded field. In order to command market share a brand must be differentiate itself from is competitors. To make this differentiations, Dr.Pepper positioned itself as the the wolds uniqe soft drink since it is comprised of 23 flavours. Dr Pepper currently controls 15% of sales volume in the beverage market and has a market value of $6.5 billion. Creative Strategy and Supportive Promotions The creative strategy for Diet Dr Pepper positioned the brand as tasting more like regular Dr Pepper. This is a key claim based on research revealing that nearly 60 percent of initial trial users of Diet Dr Pepper are motivated by the desire to have a diet soft drink that tasted like regular Dr Pepper. The cornerstone of the campaign entailed the heavy use of 15 second commercials, which historically had not been used by Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, which instead preferred the entertainment value of longer commercials. The aggressive use of 15 seconds commercials enabled Diet Dr Pepper to simply convey its key taste claim (tasting more like regular Dr Pepper and differentiate the brand from competitive diet drinks. Moreover, by employing cheaper 15 seconds commercials, it was possible to buy many more commercial spots and hence to achieve greater reach, frequency, and GPRs for the same advertising budget. Diet Dr Peppers advertising expenditures totalled  £10 million. In addition to advertising campaign, the brand marketers for Diet Dr Pepper implemented several sales promotion programs to achieve their lofty goals. From January through April, a trade promotion called The Pepper Advantage provided bottlers with  £20 gift certificates that they could distribute to retailers to encourage greater display space for Diet Dr Pepper. In additional, attractive coupons were placed on 2- and 3- litre bottles of Diet Dr Pepper to encourage repeat purchasing by consumers. From April to September, during baseball season, the Pepper Pastime promotion was run to enhance sales of Diet Dr Pepper to consumers in convenience stores. Promotions included free bottles of Diet Dr Pepper and Premium objects, including autographed baseballs and baseball jerseys emblazoned with the Diet Dr Pepper brand name. During May through August, a promotional tie-in with the Foot Locker chain of athletic stores was undertaken. Purchasers of 12- and 24- packs of Diet Dr Pepper received Foot Locker gift certificates if their pack contained a winning game card inside. Collectively, these sales promotion programs were designed to complement the advertising campaign and substantially boots immediate sales of Diet Dr Pepper products. We can see that selection of advertising media is one of the most important and complicated of all marketing communications decisions. Media planning must be coordinated with marketing strategy and with other aspects of advertising strategy. The strategic aspects of media planning involves include four steps: (1) selecting the target audience toward which all subsequent efforts will be directed; (2) specifying media objectives, which typically are stated in terms of reach, frequency, gross rating points (GRPs), or effective rating points (ERPs); (3) selecting general media categories and specific product within each medium; (4) buying a media. Media selection are influenced by a variety of factors such as most important are target audience, cost, and creative consideration. Media planners should select media vehicles by identifying those that will reach the designated target audience, satisfy budgetary constraints, and be compatible with and enhance the advertisers creative message. Basically, companies must market their products with creative, informative, and interesting messages that show how the products meet the needs and wants of consumers. A key factor in marketing a product is communication.

Crime and Social Issues Essay

Many crime problems in my area which are creating difficulties for peoples day by day. I have seen many crimes have been done in my area. * Snatching * Drugs dealing * Shop lifting * Stabbing * Gang fighting * Theft and robbed * The area where I live is ok; I have been robbed for my money a couple of times – nothing too bad. But my friends live in a really bad estate. There’s always stuff going on there. People are shot and stabbed all the time. * It all starts with people getting rude with each other. One person is rude to someone else, and then the victim goes and gets their gang for revenge. Sometimes it’s just two gangs fighting and punching each other. But on this estate, it’s nearly always killing. Guns and knives are everywhere. * It’s always worse when the gang hires someone else to do the killing. They only give a description of the person they want taken care of. So the hit man hasn’t even seen the guy he’s going to shoot before. Sometimes they shoot the wrong person. Then, if the person who was killed by mistake was in a gang, their gang goes and gets revenge. So it never ends. * I’m most worried about knife crime, because you can get knives anywhere – from the kitchen, shops and people from round the estates. My friend’s big brother was stabbed in the chest with a knife, because he was involved in some bad stuff. * In my school it’s not so bad because they check us for weapons. The only weapons we’re allowed are compasses. * I’m not so afraid of gangs, because they don’t have a reason to go after me. But my friends Dad got involved in drugs. Now he’s got some gangs after him because of some trouble that happened. * When I visit my mates on the estate, I feel more protected than afraid, because I know my friends and their brothers are looking out for me. People there recognise me now, so I know even the drug dealers would look after me on their patches. They know I’m not causing any trouble. But I’d be very; very afraid for my life there if no-one was looking out for me. Snatching: About 10 houses in front of me was this young lady walking by a car parked along the grass patch outside one of the terrace houses. As she was reaching the rear end of this clean decent looking Silver Proton Waja, I noticed the engine started and the left rear passenger doors window was being wound down. Suddenly a man emerged out of the rear passenger doors window his entire torso! And making a grab of this ladies handbag!!!! As this man emerged from the cars window, the Silver Proton Waja was pulling out of its parking position slowly not in a hurry with the man from within just dragging the lady and her handbag along until she gave it up!! Then they drove off slowly no hurry!!! Conclusion: My report about crime problem in my area which I have describe in my report, we should do safety every time and inform to police about any crime or suspicious activities in area or any surrounding area.